Memory
0x5 Internal MemoryConcluding the memory topics: semiconductor main memory, the DRAM vs SRAM contrast, non-volatile memories from Flash to FRAM and ReRAM, MRAM and PCM techniques, and how memory arrays are built.
0x4 Cache MemoryMoving on to memory topics: the cache sitting between CPU and RAM, temporal and spatial locality, direct, fully associative, and set-associative mapping, and cache design elements from capacity to replacement and write policies.
0x0 Computer Architecture & OrganizationSeries opener: computer architecture vs organization, the four basic functions of a computer, the main components (CPU, memory, I/O), and the fetch–decode–execute instruction cycle.
0x16 StructuresStructs, typedef, and the arrow operator, padding and alignment — and how a struct becomes an offset map during analysis.
0x12 Dynamic Memory Allocationmalloc, calloc, realloc, bins, and tcache — and the misuse vulnerabilities: heap overflow, UAF, and double free.
0x11 Virtual Memory: Stack vs HeapStack frames, registers, and calling conventions, plus heap chunks — the two primary battlegrounds of exploitation.
0x09 Pointers and Memory ManagementPointer types, address arithmetic, and the five memory segments — plus where pointers meet famous vulnerabilities.
0x07 Arrays and StringsArrays and strings in memory, the dangerous string.h functions, and their direct relationship to buffer overflow vulnerabilities.
0x02 Variables and ConstantsDeclaring variables and naming rules, constants via const and #define, and the fundamental difference between them at compile time and in memory.
0x3 Windows Architecture & PE FormatHow Windows is architected, and how it loads and runs programs.